![]() coming up to him he saw that Marner's eyes were set like a dead man's, and he spoke to him and shook him, and his limbs were stiff, and his hands clutched the bag as if they'd been made of iron. (Account of character Jem Rodney, the molecatcher) In the arts, catalepsy is often used for dramatic effect, sometimes as a plot device. Teresa endured intermittent attacks of catalepsy from then on. Her legs became rigid, leaving her an invalid for three years. This episode was precipitated by the stress she experienced at the Carmelite Convent of the Incarnation. Teresa of Avila experienced a prolonged bout of catalepsy that began in 1539. ![]() Such demonstrations have also been performed by Asian martial artists and attributed to the pneumatic vital energy known as qi.Īrmand D'Angour suggests that reports (such as that recounted in Plato's Symposium) of Socrates, in about 429 BC, standing perfectly still for hours on end during the Athenian campaign against Potidaea while seemingly deep in thought, are 'too extreme to be considered wholly a matter of rational choice,' and that 'it is reasonable to suppose that it was the symptom of an underlying physiological or psychological condition', such as catalepsy. Suggested or induced rigid catalepsy, of extended limbs or even the entire body, sometimes tested with heavy weights, has been a staple of stage hypnosis shows and even academic demonstrations of hypnotism since the late 18th century, as proof of extraordinary physical abilities possible in trance states. Unsuggested waxy catalepsy, sometimes accompanied by spontaneous anesthesia, is seen as an indicator of hypnotic trance. Protein kinase A has been suggested as a mediator of cataleptic behavior. It can be caused by schizophrenia treatment with anti-psychotics, such as haloperidol, and by the anesthetic ketamine. It is also a characteristic symptom of cocaine withdrawal, as well as one of the features of catatonia. Causes Ĭatalepsy is a symptom of certain nervous disorders or conditions such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. Symptoms include a rigid body, rigid limbs, limbs staying in same position when moved ( waxy flexibility), no response, loss of muscle control, and slowing down of bodily functions, such as breathing. Signs and symptoms Female patient with depression and catalepsy Rigidity of the body produced by catalepsy Markedly decreased CSF hypocretin-1 levels could be a significant marker for identifying subgroups of narcolepsy patients without cataplexy.Catalepsy (from Ancient Greek katálēpsis, κατάληψις, "seizing, grasping") is a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain. In patients who have narcolepsy without cataplexy, short mean REM latency, younger age at onset, and HLA-DR2 are associated with CSF hypocretin-1 deficiency. Some narcoleptic patients without cataplexy have low CSF hypocretin-1 levels. HLA-DR2 was positive in all of the patients with low CSF hypocretin-1, whereas only 33.3% of patients with normal CSF hypocretin-1 were DR2 positive. ![]() ![]() The mean rapid eye movement (REM) latency was significantly shorter and the age at onset was significantly earlier in the low CSF hypocretin-1 group compared with the normal CSF hypocretin-1 group. INERVENTIONS: Patients underwent lumbar puncture for CSF sampling.įive patients showed a markedly decreased CSF hypocretin-1 level, whereas the remaining 12 patients showed almost normal levels. Seventeen patients (5 male, 12 female) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy without cataplexy according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. University-based sleep laboratories and a sleep disorders center. Our aim was to examine whether clinical characteristics vary with CSF hypocretin-1 levels among narcoleptic patients without cataplexy.Ĭlinical features, variables on the multiple sleep latency test, and results of HLA typing were correlated with CSF hypocretin-1 levels. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels and their relationship with the clinical characteristics of narcolepsy without cataplexy have not been well elucidated.
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